Racemic amphetamine ( dl-amphetamine) contains two optical isomers, or enantiomers: EnantiomersĪmphetamine is a chiral compound. It is the parent compound of the substituted amphetamines, a highly diverse group that includes such substances as bupropion, phenmetrazine, methamphetamine, MDMA, and the DOx series.Īt room temperature, the pure freebase is a mobile, colorless, and volatile liquid with a characteristically strong amine odor, and acrid, burning taste. The name 'amphetamine' is a contraction from αlpha methyl phen ethyl amine The chemical structure of amphetamine consists of phenethylamine, a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH 2) group through an ethyl chain, with an additional methyl substitution at R α. ChemistryĪmphetamine, also known as alpha-methylphenethylamine, is a synthetic substance of the phenethylamine family. Outside Europe, the illicit market for amphetamine is much smaller than the market for methamphetamine and MDMA. During 2012, approximately 5.9 metric tons of illicit amphetamine were seized within EU member states the "street price" of illicit amphetamine within the EU ranged from €6–38 per gram during the same period. Among European Union (EU) member states, 1.2 million young adults used illicit amphetamine or methamphetamine in 2013. Īmphetamine is still illegally synthesized and sold on the black market, primarily in European countries. Īs its addictive properties became known, governments began to place strict controls on its sale. ĭuring World War II, amphetamine and methamphetamine were used extensively by both the Allied and Axis forces for their stimulant and performance-enhancing effects. īenzedrine sulfate was introduced 3 years later and was used to treat a wide variety of medical conditions, including narcolepsy, obesity, low blood pressure, low libido, and chronic pain. In late 1933, Smith, Kline and French began selling amphetamine in the form of a decongestant inhaler under the name Benzedrine. However, its stimulant effects remained unknown until 1927, when it was independently re-synthesized by Gordon Alles and discovered to have sympathomimetic properties. It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance.Īmphetamine was first synthesized in Germany in 1887 by the Romanian chemist Lazăr Edeleanu, who named it phenylisopropylamine. Additionally, abuse has been linked to a number of health conditions, especially cardiovascular issues such as high blood pressure and increased risk of stroke. high dose, repeat administration) is associated with compulsive redosing, escalating tolerance, and psychological dependence. Lower doses tend to increase focus and productivity while higher doses tend to increase sociability, sexual desire, and euphoria.Īmphetamine has high abuse potential. It is usually taken orally, but can also be insufflated, injected, or administered rectally. Subjective effects include stimulation, focus enhancement, motivation enhancement, increased libido, appetite suppression, and euphoria. Additionally, it sees widespread illicit use as a performance enhancing agent and recreational substance. Īmphetamine is now primarily a prescription drug used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. Due to issues with addiction and abuse, it was eventually listed as a controlled substance under the United Nations 1971 "Convention on Psychotropic Substances". It became widely used to treat a range of ailments such as alcohol hangover, narcolepsy, depression, and obesity. In the 1930s, it was sold over-the-counter under the name "Benzedrine" as a decongestant. It was first synthesized in 1887, but its psychostimulant effects were not discovered until 1929. The mechanism of action involves promoting release of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine. It is the parent compound of the substituted amphetamines, a diverse group that includes methamphetamine, MDMA, cathinone, and bupropion. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.Īmphetamine (also known as alpha-methylphenethylamine, amfetamine, and speed) is a classical stimulant substance of the phenethylamine class. See responsible use section.ĭISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity.
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